The commission’s annual report to Congress detailed how China exploited the India-Pakistan conflict in May, using fabricated images to suggest its weaponry was responsible for downing aircraft. This tactic is described as part of China’s broader ‘Gray Zone’ warfare strategy, intended to advance its military and industrial ambitions on the global stage. The report highlights China’s coordinated efforts to manipulate international perceptions of defense capabilities.

Operation Sindoor, launched by India in May after a terrorist attack, targeted terror infrastructure within Pakistan. Indian Air Force officials later confirmed the successful dismantling of Pakistani military assets. The report also sheds light on the persistent tensions along the India-China border, noting China’s approach of seeking partial resolutions through dialogue while India aims for comprehensive, long-term solutions. The effectiveness of existing agreements on border management remains a significant concern, with limited clarity on implementation. Furthermore, the report suggests that the future succession of the Dalai Lama could emerge as another point of friction between the two nations.