Researchers Identify ‘Sentinel Antibodies’ That Forecast Vaccine Effectiveness

The study uncovered antibodies against microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, RSV and Human Rhinovirus 3 that, while not directly neutralising COVID‑19, reflect a pre‑existing immune readiness. Participants with higher levels of these sentinel antibodies tended to develop robust COVID‑19 vaccine immunity, regardless of age or gender.