Susan Rice: A Trailblazer In U.S. Foreign Policy And National Security

Understanding the significance of Susan Rice's contributions to U.S. foreign policy is crucial. Her journey from a well-connected family in Washington, D.C. to the pinnacle of international diplomacy illustrates the power of determination and education. Rice's experience encompasses roles as U.N. Ambassador and National Security Adviser, making her a notable figure in American politics.

Born on November 17, 1964, in Washington, D.C., Susan Elizabeth Rice hails from a family deeply involved in academia and public service. Her father, Emmett J. Rice, was a distinguished economics professor, and her mother, Lois Dickson Fitt, was a prominent education policy researcher. This rich background fostered her early interest in politics and global affairs.

Throughout her academic journey, Rice exhibited exceptional talent and leadership. She graduated as valedictorian from the National Cathedral School and later earned her degree from Stanford University, where she became a Truman Scholar and a Rhodes Scholar. Her commitment to social justice was evident even then, as she led initiatives against apartheid in South Africa.

Who Is Susan Rice?

U.N. Ambassador and foreign policy adviser Susan Rice studied at Stanford University and the University of Oxford in Oxfordshire with a focus on international affairs. She worked with President Bill Clinton as part of the National Security Council and oversaw African affairs, later working at the Brookings Institution. In 2009, Rice joined President Barack Obama's Cabinet, receiving Senate confirmation to be the U.N. ambassador. Later, she served as the national security adviser for the second term of the Obama administration.

Early Life

Susan Elizabeth Rice was born in Washington, D.C., on November 17, 1964, to parents Lois Dickson Fitt and Emmett J. Rice. Rice's family is well known among the Washington elite; her father is a Cornell University economics professor and former governor of the Federal Reserve System, while her mother is an education policy researcher and guest scholar at the Brookings Institution.

Growing up, Rice's family often spoke of politics and foreign policy at the dinner table. Her mother's job also brought notable figures through the house, including Madeleine Albright, with whom Rice's mother served on a local school board. Albright would later become a pivotal figure in Rice's personal and professional life.

Rice attended the National Cathedral School, a prep academy in Washington, D.C. She excelled in academics, becoming her class valedictorian, and showed her aptitude in the political realm as president of the student council. She also loved athletics, competing in three different sports, and became a star point guard on the basketball team.

Interest in Diplomacy

After receiving her bachelor's degree in history in 1986, Rice went on to attend the University of Oxford in Oxfordshire, England. She earned her M.Phil and D.Phil in international relations and wrote a dissertation that examined Rhodesia's transition from white rule. Her paper won the Royal Commonwealth Society's Walter Frewen Lord Prize for outstanding research in Commonwealth History, as well as the Chatham House-British International Studies Association Prize for the most distinguished doctoral dissertation in the UK in the field of International Relations.

She finished her schooling in 1990 and started work as an international management consultant at McKinsey & Company in Toronto, Ontario. On September 12, 1992, she married Ian Cameron, who was working as a television producer in Toronto for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The couple lived in Canada until 1993, when Rice took a job with the National Security Council in Washington, D.C., under President Bill Clinton.

Rice began work as the director of international organizations and peacekeeping for the NSC, where she had what she calls her "most searing experience" when she visited Rwanda during what was later classified as a genocide. "I saw hundreds, if not thousands, of decomposing corpses outside and inside a church," she said. "It was the most horrible thing I've ever seen. It makes you mad. It makes you determined. It makes you know that even if you're the last lone voice and you believe you're right, it is worth every bit of energy you can throw into it." She took the lessons learned from her peacekeeping position to a new post as a special assistant to the president and senior director for African affairs in 1995.

Government Appointments

She quickly advanced ahead of her peers and veteran officials when her friend and mentor, Albright, recommended Rice for the post of assistant secretary for African affairs in 1997. With her appointment, she became one of the youngest assistant secretaries of state ever. Many elder politicians disagreed with placing a young woman in the position, arguing that she would be unable to deal with older, male leaders. But Rice developed a reputation for her direct, plainspoken opinions, and an ability to bring people to her side of the table. "They have no choice but to deal with me on professional terms. I represent the United States of America," she says. "Yeah, they may do a double take, but then they have to listen to what you say, how you say it and what you do about what you say."

During her tenure in this post, she also became well acquainted with the actions of the extremist group Al Qaeda; she was the top diplomat for African issues during the 1998 terrorist bombings of embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. Her involvement and rise into politics mirrored that of Condoleezza Rice, the secretary of state under President George W. Bush. The two are both female, African American and foreign policy experts who have ties to Stanford University. However, the two are not related. The mix-up has happened so often that Democrats have a saying about the confusion: "They've got their Rice, and we've got ours."

Brookings Fellow and U.N. Ambassador

Rice left the public sector in 2002 to become a senior fellow in foreign policy for the Brookings Institute, a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, D.C. Its mission is to conduct independent research and provide recommendations to the government based on their findings. As a fellow, Rice specialized in research on U.S. foreign policy, weak and failing states, as well as the implications of global poverty and transnational security threats.

Rice took leave from Brookings in 2008 to become the senior foreign policy adviser to Barack Obama during his presidential campaign. After Obama's successful election in November 2008, Rice was nominated to be the U.N. ambassador for the United States. On January 22, 2009, she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate, making her the first African American woman to be the United States' ambassador to the U.N.

Often adopting an interventionist stance, Rice was successful in efforts to garner U.N. approval for sanctions against Iran and North Korea and military action in Libya. However, she also drew criticism following a September 2012 attack on two American facilities in Benghazi, Libya; Rice initially said it grew out of a protest against an offensive internet video, though it was later revealed to be the work of an extremist group.

National Security Adviser

In June 2013, Rice was named national security adviser by President Obama, succeeding former adviser Tom Donilon. "I'm deeply honored and humbled to serve our country as your national security adviser," Rice stated during an event held in Washington, D.C., to announce her new role, according to NBC News.

Soon after the announcement was made, President Obama expressed his excitement to work with the newest adviser in a statement: "I am absolutely thrilled that she'll be back at my side leading my national security team in my second term," he said.

In her role, Rice oversaw the coordination of intelligence and military efforts during a period marked by an ongoing battle with ISIS in the Middle East; the continuation of a civil war in Syria; increased aggression from Russia through its annexation of Crimea and involvement in Syria; and