Franklin Pierce: A Deep Dive Into The Life Of The 14th President Of The United States

Franklin Pierce was a significant figure in American history, serving as the 14th president from 1853 to 1857. He was born on November 23, 1804, in Hillsboro, New Hampshire. His life was marked by political ambition, military service, and a controversial presidency, particularly due to his support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which intensified the national debate over slavery.

Despite being elected president, Pierce's administration faced numerous challenges, including a growing divide over slavery that ultimately contributed to the Civil War. His legacy is a complex one, reflecting both the aspirations of a nation grappling with its identity and the personal struggles of a man battling his demons.

This article will explore the life, political career, and lasting impact of Franklin Pierce, revealing the man behind the presidency and the historical context that shaped his decisions.

Table of Contents

• Biography
• Early Life and Education
• Political Career
• Military Service
• Presidency
• Later Life and Death
• Quick Facts
• Notable Quotes

Biography

Early Life and Education

Franklin Pierce was born into a family with a rich history of service and achievement. His father, Benjamin, was a hero of the American Revolutionary War, and his mother, Anna Kendrick Pierce, prioritized the education of her eight children. From a young age, Franklin demonstrated exceptional promise.

At the age of 12, he transitioned from public schooling to private academies, where he honed his skills in public speaking. By 15, he enrolled at Bowdoin College in Maine, graduating fifth in his class in 1824. This educational background laid the groundwork for his future in politics.

Political Career

Pierce's political career began in 1829 when he was elected to the New Hampshire State Legislature at the age of 24. His rapid ascent was marked by his election as Speaker of the House just two years later, aided by his father's influence as the governor.

In the 1830s, he gained national attention as a state representative in Washington, D.C. However, Pierce found Washington life challenging and turned to alcohol to cope. In 1834, he married Jane Means Appleton, who shared his temperance ideals, and together they started a family.

Military Service

When the Mexican-American War broke out, Pierce joined the New Hampshire Volunteers, eventually rising to the rank of brigadier general. He played a pivotal role in the invasion of Veracruz under General Winfield Scott, demonstrating his commitment to national service.

Despite facing injury during the conflict, Pierce's military experience shaped his leadership style and political views, which he would carry into his presidency.

Presidency

Pierce's presidency was marked by significant events, including his signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. This controversial legislation allowed territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery, leading to violent conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas."

His administration struggled with the growing tensions over slavery, which alienated many of his supporters and ultimately contributed to his defeat in the 1856 election.

Later Life and Death

After leaving office, Pierce retired to Concord, New Hampshire. He continued to engage in public discourse, often opposing Abraham Lincoln's policies during the Civil War, which further alienated him from many Northerners.

In his later years, Pierce faced personal challenges, including a return to alcohol, and faded into obscurity. He passed away on October 8, 1869, leaving behind a complex legacy as a president who grappled with the moral and political dilemmas of his time.

Quick Facts

• Name: Franklin Pierce
• Birth Date: November 23, 1804
• Death Date: October 8, 1869
• Political Party: Democratic
• Notable Achievement: Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Notable Quotes

• "I believe that involuntary servitude, as it exists in different States of this Confederacy, is recognized by the Constitution."
• "The dangers of a concentration of all power in the general government of a confederacy so vast as ours are too obvious to be disregarded."
• "With the Union my best and dearest earthly hopes are entwined."