Ethan Allen: A Revolutionary Leader And His Legacy (1738-1789)

Ethan Allen was a prominent figure in American history, known for his leadership during the Revolutionary War. He played a significant role in the French and Indian War and was best remembered for leading the Green Mountain Boys in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. But who was Ethan Allen, and what legacy did he leave behind? Let’s dive into his life and contributions!

Who Was Ethan Allen?

Ethan Allen was born on January 21, 1738, in Litchfield, Connecticut. He was a soldier, a politician, and a landowner who became a key figure in the early history of Vermont. During the French and Indian War, Allen served with distinction and later took center stage in the American Revolution, where his most notable achievement was the capture of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.

Alongside Benedict Arnold, Allen led the Green Mountain Boys to seize the fort from British forces, which was crucial for the American war effort. After the war, he sought to have Vermont recognized as a state. However, when that effort failed, he shifted his focus to a controversial proposal to have Vermont join Canada instead.

Family Life

Allen's personal life was marked by both triumph and tragedy. He married Mary Brownson in 1762, and the couple had five children together. Unfortunately, Mary passed away in 1783, which left a significant impact on Allen. In 1784, he remarried, this time to Fanny, with whom he had three more children.

As the first child of Joseph and Mary Baker Allen, Ethan had a large family background, with his parents eventually having five sons and two daughters. This familial legacy played a role in shaping his character as a determined and passionate leader.

Explorer and Military Leader

After serving in the French and Indian War, Allen moved with his family to the New Hampshire Grants, an area that would later become Vermont. He purchased land and settled there, but soon found himself embroiled in disputes over land ownership with New York and New Hampshire. The conflicts escalated, prompting Allen to take action.

In 1770, the New York Supreme Court invalidated the claims to the New Hampshire Grants, which led to the formation of the Green Mountain Boys. This group of local militia, under Allen's leadership, aimed to protect their land from "Yorkers"—those loyal to New York. They utilized a mix of intimidation and violence to maintain control over the disputed area.

By 1775, the Green Mountain Boys had shifted their focus to the American Revolutionary War. Allen's leadership in the successful capture of Fort Ticonderoga marked a pivotal moment in the conflict, demonstrating his military prowess. The victory encouraged further military actions, including an attempt to capture Montreal, which ultimately led to his capture and imprisonment in England for two years.

Later Life

After his release from prison, Allen returned to Vermont, a state that had declared its independence from both Britain and the United States. He sought to have Vermont admitted as the fourteenth state in the Union but faced resistance from neighboring states that laid claim to parts of the territory. This challenge led him to pursue negotiations with Canadian officials, further complicating his political reputation.

In 1787, Allen retired to Burlington, Vermont, where he revisited a book he had started with philosopher Dr. Thomas Young. He published Reason the Only Oracle of Man in 1785, which explored Deist philosophy and was met with criticism from religious leaders. Allen's life came to an end on February 12, 1789, in Burlington, just two years before Vermont joined the United States.

Key Takeaways

Quick Facts

• Name: Ethan Allen
• Birth date: January 21, 1738
• Birth State: Connecticut
• Birth City: Litchfield
• Best Known For: Leading the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga.
• Death date: February 12, 1789
• Death City: Burlington, Vermont

Ethan Allen's life was a blend of military courage, political ambition, and personal challenges. His legacy continues to resonate in American history as a symbol of determination and leadership.