Unveiling The Life And Legacy Of Edward VII (1841-1910)

Edward VII, the first British monarch of the 20th century, played a crucial role in shaping modern Britain. His reign marked a significant transition in the monarchy's image, influencing both domestic and international affairs. As we delve into his life, we uncover key moments that defined him as a leader, a husband, and a statesman!

Who Was Edward VII?

Edward VII became king upon the death of his mother, Queen Victoria, in 1901. A popular member of social and sporting circles, Edward VII strengthened England's ties with the rest of Europe, although his relationship with Germany's emperor — his nephew — was rocky. His reforms of the military and navy prepared them well for World War I.

Early Life

The eldest son of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, Edward VII was born Albert Edward on November 9, 1841. Known as "Bertie" within the family, he was subjected to a strict regimen to prepare him for the throne. As was customary for members of British royalty, Prince Edward attended Oxford and Cambridge universities and soon after declared his desire to pursue a career in the military. His mother vetoed that idea, hoping to keep him safe for the throne.

Personal Life and Children

On March 10, 1863, Prince Edward married Princess Alexandra of Denmark. The marriage, arranged by Edward's parents, produced six children, five of whom lived to adulthood. Before his marriage but after his engagement, Edward fell into a scandalous love affair with actress Nellie Clifton. His father, Prince Albert, was distraught over this disgrace and personally reprimanded Edward. Although the affair ended, it left a lasting mark on Edward's relationship with his mother, Queen Victoria, who never forgave him for her husband's death shortly after.

Throughout his marriage, Edward continued to have many affairs. Actresses such as Sarah Bernhardt and Lillie Langtry, as well as Lady Randolph Churchill and Alice Keppel, were among his many trysts. Despite this, Edward's personal life was only a part of his legacy.

Crowned King, an Effective Leader Emerges

All this changed on January 22, 1901, when Queen Victoria died. Crowned King Edward VII in August 1902, Edward had been the longest heir apparent (59 years) in British history. Upon ascending the throne, he threw himself into his new role with energy and enthusiasm and restored the sparkle to the monarchy. His effusive personality and likable character soon won over much of the British population. Edward used his fluency in French and German to shuttle across Europe and meet with major heads of state.

He helped negotiate the Triple Entente between Britain, France, and Russia, which played an important role in World War I. Following the Boer War, he played an active role in reforming the military, advocating for an army medical service and the building of the modern Dreadnought battleships.

The Edwardian Era

The Edwardian period (1901-1910) is often viewed as a golden age for the upper class in Britain. While the rigid British class system held firm, rapid industrialization increased economic opportunity, creating conditions that allowed for more social mobility and change. During this time, significant social movements emerged, including a rise in socialism and attention to women's voting rights. Despite his popularity, Edward did not support women's suffrage or attempts to redistribute wealth through taxes.

A Constitutional Crisis Unresolved

In 1909, a constitutional crisis erupted over the "People's Budget," legislation calling for unprecedented taxes on the wealthy and radical social welfare programs. The budget was championed by Liberal Prime Minister Harold Asquith and Chancellor David Lloyd George. The king personally urged Conservative lords to pass the budget to avoid political division. However, he refused to create additional Liberal positions in the House of Lords, insisting the issue be decided by the people in a general election.

Death and Legacy

By 1910, Edward VII's years of smoking 12 cigars and more than 20 cigarettes a day resulted in severe bronchitis. After a brief illness, he died on May 6, 1910. Edward VII was buried at Windsor Castle on May 20, 1910, in a funeral attended by a massive assemblage of royalty. His legacy is a mix of criticism for his pursuit of pleasure and praise for his diplomatic skills.