Percy Bysshe Shelley: The Life And Legacy Of A Romantic Poet (1792-1822)

Percy Bysshe Shelley is remembered as one of the most influential poets of the 19th century. His works, characterized by their lyrical and imaginative qualities, have continued to resonate through the ages. He is particularly known for his poems Ode to the West Wind and The Masque of Anarchy, along with longer pieces like Queen Mab and Alastor. Throughout his life, Shelley embarked on many adventures with his second wife, Mary Shelley, who is famed for writing Frankenstein.

Understanding the Early Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792, in Broadbridge Heath, just outside of West Sussex, England. He grew up in the English countryside, where he enjoyed fishing and hunting with his cousin, Thomas Medwin. Shelley's parents, Timothy Shelley and Elizabeth Pilfold, were prominent figures in their community, and he was the oldest of seven children.

At the age of 10, Shelley left home to study at Syon House Academy. After two years, he transferred to Eton College, where he faced severe bullying from his peers. This harsh treatment drove him to find refuge in his imagination, and he published his first works—two novels and two volumes of poetry—while still a teenager.

Academic Challenges and Early Rebellion

In the fall of 1810, Shelley enrolled at University College, Oxford, seeking a more supportive academic environment. However, he quickly found himself at odds with the institution after co-authoring a pamphlet titled The Necessity of Atheism, which led to his expulsion for refusing to deny authorship. This incident marked the beginning of Shelley's rebellious spirit against societal norms.

His parents were distressed by his actions and insisted that he abandon his radical beliefs, which included vegetarianism and political activism. Despite their disapproval, Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook, a young woman he felt compelled to save from despair. However, their relationship soon faltered, and he became enamored with Elizabeth Hitchener, who inspired his poem Queen Mab.

Romantic Relationships and Literary Endeavors

Although Shelley's marriage to Harriet was tumultuous, they had two children together. After abandoning Harriet for Mary Godwin—daughter of his mentor, William Godwin—Shelley faced significant challenges, including Harriet's emotional turmoil upon learning of Mary's pregnancy. Harriet sought a divorce, which led to a bitter custody battle.

During this time, Shelley continued to write political pamphlets and poetry. His passion for social justice and reform was evident in his works, many of which were inspired by his relationships and the social issues of his time.

The Friendship with Lord Byron

In 1816, Shelley and Mary traveled to Switzerland, where they met the renowned poet Lord Byron. This friendship proved to be creatively fruitful, as Shelley wrote several notable poems during their time together. His works like Hymn to Intellectual Beauty and Mont Blanc reflect his deep contemplation of nature and humanity.

Tragedy, Loss, and New Beginnings

After the tragic deaths of Mary’s half-sister and Harriet, Shelley and Mary married. Despite personal loss, they settled in Marlow, where Shelley flourished creatively, befriending fellow poets John Keats and Leigh Hunt. His work The Revolt of Islam emerged from this period, addressing themes of love and political struggle.

The Italian Years

In search of inspiration, Shelley and Mary moved to Italy, where they experienced both joy and tragedy. Their daughter Clara died shortly after birth, and a year later, their son William also passed away. Yet, it was during this challenging time that Shelley produced some of his most powerful works, including Prometheus Unbound.

Final Days and Lasting Impact

On July 8, 1822, at the age of 29, Shelley drowned in a sailing accident. His death sparked speculation about foul play, but ultimately, he was mourned as a tragic figure. Mary did not attend his funeral, and his ashes were interred in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome. Over a century later, he was honored in Poet’s Corner at Westminster Abbey, signifying his enduring legacy.

Key Takeaways from Shelley’s Life and Work

• Percy Bysshe Shelley was a leading figure in the English Romantic movement, known for his revolutionary ideas and poetic prowess.
• His experiences with love, loss, and societal rebellion deeply influenced his writings.
• Shelley’s friendships with other literary giants, such as Lord Byron, enriched his creative output.
• His legacy lives on through his impactful poetry, which continues to inspire readers and writers alike.